Barite KB-3 is used as a heavier of drilling muds of all types up to the weight of 2,200–2,400 kg/m³. Barite particles are not abrasive, they contain insignificant amount of impurities and do not react with other components of drilling fluids.

It is produced in accordance with GOST 4682-84

(Russian state standard)

PAC HV is used in drilling muds based on fresh water, sea water, monovalent and divalent brine for reduction of fluid loss and enhancement of structural and rheological properties. PAC HV can be used at all stages of well construction in compositions of clay, thin clay and clayless drilling muds.

To enhance PAC HV efficiency, it should be added slowly through jet mud hopper.

Advisable use rate of PAC HV for preparation and treatment is within the range of 0.5–3.0 kg/m³.

 PAC LV is used in drilling muds based on fresh water, sea water, monovalent and divalent brine for reduction of fluid loss with slight enhancement of structural and rheological properties. PAC LV can be used at all stages of well construction in compositions of clay, thin clay and clayless drilling muds.

To enhance Petro PAC LV efficiency, it should be added slowly through jet mud hopper. Advisable use rate of Petro PAC LV for preparation and treatment is within the range of 1.0–8.0 kg/m³.

Xanthan is applied in drilling muds based of fresh water, sea water, monovalent and divalent brines for improvement of suspension properties (gel) and transporting properties (YP, LSRV) of drilling muds. It is an environmentally-friendly and biodegradable material. To avoid premature biodestruction, as a rule, the agent is applied in combination with bactericides and at рН medium over 9.0. Agent linking can take place in presence of soluble salts of three-valence metals. Xanthan can be used as a component of fluids for well workover and completion. For efficient use of Xanthan, it should be added slowly through jet mud hopper. Advisable use rate

of Xanthan for preparation and treatment is within the range of 0.5–5.0 kg/m³.

Sodium bicarbonate is used for removal of cement from the drilling mud and reduction of рН. Sodium bicarbonate concentration can vary depending on cement content within the range of 0.5 to 2.0 kg/m³.

Soda ash is used in precipitation of soluble calcium compounds in drilling muds. There, the following chemical reaction takes place:

Na₂CO₃ + Ca⁺⁺ = 2Na⁺ + CaCO₃.

It is not feasible to use soda ash for treatment of fluids with high cement content. Excessive amount of soda ash can cause contamination with carbonate-ion. Soda ash is inefficient for hardness reduction due to presence of soluble magnesium compounds. Use rate: 0.5–3.0 kg/m³ (depending on the current conditions).

It controls alkalinity of water-based drilling muds. Sodium hydrate aids to improve agent solubility in lignite and lignosulphonate group, reduce water hardness. It is advised to add the agent after preliminary dilution in 150–200 l of water in a special tank.` Sodium hydrate concentration is determined depending on the specific type of the mud and drilling conditions and ranges from 0.3 to 5.7 kg/m³. Saline water and brine require higher agent rate.

Potassium chloride is applied in water-based drilling muds as efficient inhibiting additive. It reduces swelling of montmorillonite clay, aids retaining the rocks prone to caving for a long period. When added to the drilling mud, it is advised to reduce the colloidal phase to the level below 30 kg/m³ to prevent coagulative thickening. Excessive amount of potassium chloride often causes thinning of drilling mud. Potassium chloride can also be used to increase the drilling mud weight (also in combination with sodium chloride) when necessary to limit content of insoluble solids. Concentration in the drilling mud is 30–200 kg/m³ depending on

the required inhibition level.